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Archive forJuly, 2009
Device driver applications - What do they do?
Computer drivers simplifies programming by acting as an abstraction layer between a hardware device and the applications or operating systems that use it. The higher-level application code can be written independently of whatever specific hardware device it will ultimately control, as it can interface with it in a standard way, regardless of the underlying hardware. Every version of a device, such as a printer, requires its own hardware-specific specialized commands. In contrast, most applications utilize devices (such as a file to a printer) by means of high-level device-generic commands such as PRINTLN (print a line). The device-driver accepts these generic high-level commands and breaks them into a series of low-level device-specific commands as required by the device being driven. Furthermore, drivers can provide a level of security as they can run in kernel-mode, thereby protecting the operating system from applications running in user-mode.
Because of the diversity of modern hardware and operating systems, many ways exist in which a driver can be used. Drivers are used for interfacing with:
* Printers
* Video adapters
* Network cards
* Sound cards
* Local buses of various sorts - in particular, for bus mastering on modern systems
* Low-bandwidth I/O buses of various sorts (for pointing devices such as mice, keyboards, USB, etc.)
* computer storage devices such as hard disk, CD-ROM and floppy disk buses (ATA, SATA, SCSI)
* Implementing support for different file systems
* Implementing support for image scanners and digital cameras
Common levels of abstraction for device drivers are
* For hardware:
o Interfacing directly
o Writing to or reading from a Device Control Register
o Using some higher-level interface (e.g. Video BIOS)
o Using another lower-level device driver (e.g. file system drivers using disk drivers)
o Simulating work with hardware, while doing something entirely different
* For software:
o Allowing the operating system direct access to hardware resources
o Implementing only primitives
o Implementing an interface for non-driver software (e.g. TWAIN)
o Implementing a language, sometimes quite high-level (e.g. PostScript)
Choosing and installing the correct device drivers for given hardware is often a key component of computer system configuration.
Bing - really useless
Often someone tells me that Bing is good, and each time I go to Bing and ckeck if it is true… and each and every time Bing disappoints me…
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What does a device driver do?
In computing, a device driver or drivers software is a computer program allowing higher-level computer programs to interact with a hardware device.
A driver typically communicates with the device through the computer bus or communications subsystem to which the hardware is connected. When a calling program invokes a routine in the driver, the driver issues commands to the device. Once the device sends data back to the driver, the driver may invoke routines in the original calling program. Drivers are hardware-dependent and operating-system-specific. They usually provide the interrupt handling required for any necessary asynchronous time-dependent hardware interface.
A device driver simplifies programming by acting as an abstraction layer between a hardware device and the applications or operating systems that use it. The higher-level application code can be written independently of whatever specific hardware device it will ultimately control, as it can interface with it in a standard way, regardless of the underlying hardware. Every version of a device, such as a printer, requires its own hardware-specific specialized commands. In contrast, most applications utilize devices (such as sending a file to a printer) by means of high-level device-generic commands such as PRINTLN (print a line). The device-driver accepts these generic high-level commands and breaks them into a series of low-level device-specific commands as required by the device being driven. Furthermore, drivers can provide a level of security as they can run in kernel-mode, thereby protecting the operating system from applications running in user-mode.
